On the Implementation and Security Analysis of Routable-GOOSE Messages Based on IEC 61850 Standard

Advanced smart grid applications such as wide-area monitoring, protection, and control (WAMPAC), considerably depend on the synchrophasor measurements gathered from different locations of the power grid. These timestamped measurements are provided by Phasor measurement units (PMUs) and phasor data concentrators (PDCs). These devices are optimally deployed at selected nodes in the grid. PMUs and substation PDCs are routable protocol-based network devices and comply with the IEEE C37.118 standard. Since the PMUs generally communicate through a public wide area network, they are vulnerable to cyberattacks. As a result, these vulnerabilities lead to compromised data integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the smart grid. To cover the cybersecurity vulnerabilities in synchrophasor communication and achieve compatibility between the data transfer based on IEEE C37.118.2 with IEC 61850 standard, IEC 61850-90-5 was released. This part of the standard includes security measures to achieve authentication, integrity, and confidentiality if required. In this work, we implemented publisher and subscriber libraries capable of routing secure GOOSE messages while respecting the time delay specifications set by the IEC61850 standard. The performance of encryption and authentication algorithms was assessed and experimentally verified. In addition, the proposed framework's robustness against cyber-attacks was evaluated.