Magnetic Direction Analysis of Permanent Magnet in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

In the optimization of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM), the properties of the magnets play a significant role. The magnetization direction of the permanent magnets is determined during their manufacturing process. By varying the magnetization direction, it is possible to influence the torque and cogging torque delivered by the machine. In the present work, different magnetization patterns are analyzed regarding their effects on these characteristics. The magnetization directions considered are parallel, radial, and parabolic magnetization as well as two different versions of Halbach magnetization. Applying these magnetization directions, torque, torque ripple and cogging torque are determined using simulation in FEMM 4.2 based on the finite element method. During the production of the machines, tolerances inevitably occur that additionally influence these parameters. Selected tolerances are also investigated using the finite element method.