Multi-Objective Expansion Planning of Renewable Resources in Distribution Systems Towards Achieving a Pollution Free Structure

The pollution producers such as thermal power plants should pay heavy penalties due to the greenhouse gases emission and the intensification of global warming and environmental issues. Utilizing renewable energies can be a great choice to realize net zero emission targets, however, they have several technical issues such as uncertainty in output power. This paper investigates the expansion planning of renewable resources including wind turbines and photovoltaics in distribution networks to achieve a zero energy structure. According to the high penetration of renewable resources, power to gas system and electrical energy storage are utilized and their size and place are optimally planned to overcome the uncertainties. The proposed expansion planning is a multiobjective mathematical programming model where the total investment and emission costs are minimized as the objective functions. The results show that the environmental pollution penalty can increase the total cost significantly. However, by implementing the proposed expansion planning model, the investment cost is reduced and even more revenue is obtained.