User Identification Based on Hand Geometrical Biometrics Using Media-Pipe

The main objective of a hand-geometry-based user identification model consists in designing a method that could be implemented with a satisfactory trade-off between cost, accuracy, and ease of utilizing. In this paper, an efficient, peg-free hand geometry-based approach for user identification is presented, which can be easily implemented with low-cost pieces of equipment and results up to a 98.7% accuracy in user identification. Three different feature-based methods, namely, circular representation, FPL, and FPLKW, are designed and examined. In order to extract required landmarks to the end of generating intended features, the so-called Media-Pipe is used. The first method is the circular representation, in which the radius ratio of the circles formed by the three middle finger straps is taken as model features. The second method extracts fingers length and phalanges length of each finger and uses their ratio as features, which is called Finger Phalanges Length (FPL) method. The third method extracts Fingers Length and Phalanges Length of each finger and Knuckles Width, abbreviated as (FPLKW), and uses their ratios for extracting features. Two datasets are collected, one for examining the efficiency of the proposed methods and finding the promising one, and the second one for validating the performance of the selected method. The first dataset contains images of the back-side of both hands in spread fingers mode and picked altogether fingers mode, taken from 21 individuals on a black background. The second dataset contains images of 100 individual hands in the front-side of both hands and the back-side of both hands in spread fingers mode. Different classifications are used to obtain maximum accuracy, including SVM SVC, SVM NuSVC, the decision tree classifier, the extra tree classifier, the random forest classifier, and one hidden layer MLP. Obtained results reveal that the extra tree classifier leads to better performance with respect to the methods mentioned above, which leads to 98.7% accuracy on the test data.