A three-layer hierarchical architecture for optimized routing protocol based on clustering and khalimsky topology for mobile wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we proposed a new concept regarding mobile sensor nodes deployment based on hierarchical WSNs architecture. The proposed architecture is based on three layers topology. In the upper layer fixed sensors are organized into a grid according to khalimsky toplogy. In the lower layer, mobile sensors are organized into clusters using the stochastic matrix and the MCL algorithm. For each cluster, a CH is elected according to a weight function of the degree, the distance to khalimsky nodes, the remaining energy and the speed of sensors. These CHs are located in the middle layer. Therefore, this paper presents an energy-efficient routing protocol based on clustering for the mobile sensors. Cluster heads collect data from their cluster members, aggregate and transfer it to the closest khalimsky node in the upper layer. For the fixed sensors in the upper layer, another energy-efficient routing algorithm is used to calculate the blot and to determinate the shortest path between the source and the sink. The obtained simulation results proves the effectiveness of our approach.