A Novel Frequency Mixing Based Beam-Steering Phased Array for K-Band Applications

A novel beam steering approach is presented in this paper. This approach simplifies beam steering by leveraging frequency mixing and phase-shifting at a lower frequency. The signal is phase-shifted at a lower frequency, and then frequency shifted up into the desired radiating frequency. This allows phase shifting to be done at a constant and lower frequency even as the radiating frequency changes. All the while, only the Local Oscillator (LO) is changing to accommodate the change in radiating frequency. The end implementation is similar to the existing phased array topology with additional frequency mixing and filtering stages. The advantages are the most obvious for the K band and above due to the unavailability and complexities associated with components at higher frequencies. Details including simulation, design and measurement will be provided for this approach. All designs will be done with readily available components to demonstrate the relative simplicity of this approach. The concept is demonstrated at 2.4GHz, however, a specific K-band setup will also be presented. The paper will also discuss design considerations and limitations. This novel approach widens the frequency range of operation while minimizing hardware changes and will open up new design possibilities for K band and above.