Upside Risk Effect on Reliability of Microgrids Considering Demand Response Program and COVID-19: An Investigation on Health System and Power System Interactions

COVID-19 has a vast impact on the power systems considering the customers' demand and human resources. During this situation, the utilization of microgrids (MGs) may help the power systems balance the generation and consumption of power, which leads to customer satisfaction. In this paper, the optimal power scheduling of energy sources in an islanded MG by considering the upside risk (UR) is proposed for the very first time. The intended islanded MG consists of various sources such as wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), diesel generator (DGR), and battery. The goals of this work are minimizing the energy not supplied (ENS) in islanded mode considering the COVID-19’s effect and implementing the demand response program (DRP). The difference between target ENS and actual ENS when actual ENS is less than the target is defined as UR. The results indicate that the UR related to the ENS of the islanded MG decreases significantly by slightly increasing the ENS. Moreover, COVID-19 decreases the ENS considerably and has a bigger effect than the DRP.