Using SHELL and Risk Matrix Method in Identifying the Hazards of General Aviation Flight Approach and Landing

Safety is the sustainable development foundation of the general aviation, and the approach and landing phase is the most risky flight stage where aviation accidents frequently occur. In order to implement general aviation approach and landing safety management effectively from hazards identification and accidents prevention, Firstly, we sort out the logic and procedures of general aviation approach and landing flight manipulate based on the Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) method. Secondly, we use the SHELL model from Software(S), Hardware(H), Environment(E) and Liveware(L) four levels to identify the hazards comprehensively, then determine the occurrence severity and probability of hazards according to the risk matrix and the expert Delphi method, and determine the acceptability level of the hazards in the green, yellow and red different regions. Finally, safety engineering technology, regulation construction and education and training countermeasures are proposed, aiming at typical key hazards such as human factors and operating environment of approach and landing flight phase, which provides a reference for ensuring the flight safety of general aviation approach and landing.