TLBO Optimised PIDD Controller for Coordinated Control in a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid

Due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), frequency regulation has become more challenging. In electrical power network, the load frequency control (LFC) mechanism is a very crucial function for keeping an equilibrium between the power generation and load to avoid frequency deviation (FD). The paper aims to implement an effective LFC scheme for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid (MG) system comprising of wind turbine generator (WTG) and battery energy storage system (BESS). Proportional integral double derivative (PIDD) controllers are used to implement the LFC scheme. The controller parameters are computed using a teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The responses acquired using PIDD controllers are compared with the responses obtained using Proportional integral (PI) and Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers. A critical analysis reveals that the PIDD controller shows better dynamic responses in terms of settling time and magnitude of oscillations compared to the PI and PID controllers. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed PIDD based LFC scheme is ascertained under different system loadings.