Diminutive Patch Antenna For Mass Communication

Antenna size has to be small enough in order to meet the requirements for manufacturing mobile units. For designing an antenna it has to be smaller in size and the antenna bandwidth has to be maximum. Patch antenna is considered as best antenna to be used at all the higher frequencies. A patch antenna is made up of dielectric substrate and patch on top of it. Most commonly used patches are rectangular and circular since both patch antennas achieves maximum bandwidth. Patch antenna are used in UWB applications and also reduces interference between narrow band and UWB band systems. Different slots and tuning stubs are employed to achieve a larger bandwidth extending from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, greater impedance matching, a broader radiation pattern, and good bidirectionality. One antenna is designed with rectangular tuning stub and tapered slot and another with hexagonal tuning stub and square slot and results are compared. And from the comparison it is found that compact hexagon slot antenna offered a low profile, wideband, high gain, compact antenna element and low cost wireless communication. Both antennas are designed using microstrip line and studied at a resonant frequency of 5.5 GHz with FR4 dielectric substrate and 4.4 relative permittivity. With a return loss of -36db, the proposed hexagon slot antenna provides extremely higher matching impedance, consistent gain, and steady radiation patterns throughout an operational bandwidth of 4–10 GHz, covering a vast portion of the UWB. Different tuning stubs and slot shapes will vary the impedance matching. The antenna is developed, manufactured, and tested using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).