High-Sensitive Phase Unbalance Analysis in the Microwave Frequency Range Using E-plane Waveguide T-junction

In current research we consider the peculiarities of electromagnetic power summation of in-phase and antiphase waves by means of E-plate waveguide T-shaped junction. Case of unbalanced phases of incident electromagnetic modes is investigated. Typical structures of waveguide T-shaped junctions in E- and H-planes are illustrated. The operation principles of the junctions are discussed. Mathematical expressions for the theoretical estimation of sensitivity of the output signals to the phase unbalances were obtained. It is demonstrated that considered waveguide T-junctions can be effectively applied to determine phase differences of the waves in two channels of antenna systems of the order of several degrees. Obtained in the research results can be applied in practical phased antenna arrays for their phase calibration after the manufacturing.