An Agile Black-Out Detection and Response Paradigm in Smart Grids Incorporating IoT-Oriented Initiatives and Fog-Computing Platform

Voltage and frequency stability are fundamental subjects for power system operators. There are unwanted faults and factors, which affect the stability of the system and may result in a major instability (blackout). Thereby, predicting the possibility of consecutive and cascading incidences, diagnosing faults, distinguishing damaged system components, detecting overloaded lines, and examining bus voltage limits are among the topics, which should be considered by power system operators. Such an analysis facilitates decision-making for security measures and prevents global instability issues. IoT-oriented technologies can create instantaneous detection, swift warning, and agile response. Therefore, by incorporating and modeling successful initiatives and projects proposed and implemented in leading developed countries, the targeted objectives can be achieved while meeting prevailing constraints of the system. This paper intends to introduce a three-layer IoT-based security architecture in alignment with Cisco standards while taking advantage of the fog-computation platform subject to diagnose and intelligently react against instability threats.