Analysis of Quasi-Fermi Level Split in Ratchet-type Intermediate Band Solar Cells

We obtained the effect of Carnot loss, angle mismatch loss, and radiative loss on the quasi-Fermi level (QFL) split of ratchet type-intermediate band solar cells. The reduced Carnot loss is responsible for the increase in the QFL split. The variation in the QFL splits with change in absorptivity is due to the extraction efficiency.