Atmospheric Duct 3D Propagation Model of Electromagnetic Wave Based on Ray Tracing Method

This paper propose a 3D wave propagation model in the atmospheric duct with ray-tracing method. First, Taylor's second-order approximation is applied to derive the ray-tracing algorithm. The algorithm has no limitations imposed on the atmospheric environment. Second, the pathloss of each ray was calculated based on 3D ray tracing method and the pathloss formula. Finally, the results from the application of the ray-tracing model to atmospheric ducts are presented. These results will also be compared with the software Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System 3.6, based on the numerical solution of a parabolic equation.