Analysis of the influence of the multiple scattering effect on millimeter-wave cirrus measurements

To study the role of the multiple scattering effect of ice particles when retrieving the microphysical parameters of cirrus using millimeter-wave radar, spherical and non-spherical ice particles' models with gamma size distributions were first established. Then, the XFDTD (X Finite Difference Time Domain) software, GMM (Generalized Multi-particle Mie) and simple addition method were used to calculate the radar cross section(RCS) values for the ice particle models at 94 GHz. Therefore, multiple scattering effects must be considered in practical meteorological detection.