Performance Comparison of Various Tilt Controllers in Coalesced Voltage and Frequency Regulation of Multi-Area Multi-Unit Power System

This article presents the performance comparison of various tilt controllers in coalesced frequency and voltage control of multi-area multi-unit interconnected power system with their Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) structures. Every area has a thermal plant, along with a Wind turbine plant in Area-1, solar thermal plant in Area-2, and Dish-Stirling solar thermal unit in Area-3. The two degrees of freedom Integral minus Tilt-Derivative with filter (2DOF I-TDF) controller is perceived as supplementary and core controller of ALFC and AVR structures. The optimal controller values are achieved with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) technique. The proposed 2DOF I-TDF controller is found superlative in comparison to TID, TIDF, I-TDF controllers concerning all time-domain indices. Likewise, the system dynamics are also investigated with various controllers in AVR system. The supremacy of the proposed controller is assessed with random load perturbation. In the end, the sensitivity analyses are achieved with different system loading conditions which convey the robustness of the proposed controller.