Cyber-physical security analysis of smart inverters under the pricing attacks

With the increased proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power system, the smart inverters play a more important role. A control loop model is applied to describe a solar plus storage system with smart inverter. The cyber-physical security impact of this system is analyzed in four categories. The pricing attack is focused in this paper. A real-time pricing model and a price signal forecast dispatch strategy are introduced for analyzing the electricity expense of prosumer.