Lévy Firefly Algorithms Applied to Improve Sequential Adaptive Processing for Fetal Electrocardiograms (FECGs)

Previously published results demonstrated that a sequential combination of adaptive linear prediction (LPC), adaptive noise cancellation (ANC), and adaptive comb filtering (CF) can effectively remove maternal interference from noninvasive fetal ECGs. More recent research results have verified that the bio-inspired Lévy Flight Firefly Algorithm (LFFA) can be effectively applied to many different forms of linear and non-linear adaptive filter structures, including low sensitivity IIR adaptive structures that could not be used with steepest descent adaptive algorithms due to their multimodal characteristics. This paper presents results obtained when using the LFFA algorithm in various stages of the FECG sequential combination processing.