The Extended Manifold for Antenna Array Calibration

Parametric calibration of antenna arrays uses mathematical models of the array manifold with adjustable parameters. We show that the standard model used in the array signal processing literature may not be capable of accurate calibration because of the mismatch between the assumed manifold and the true electromagnetic manifold [1]. To improve calibration quality we use the extended array manifold which employs a non-square Coupling Matrix instead of the square Mutual Coupling Matrix used in the standard model. This model makes it possible to increase array calibration accuracy to any desired level, at the cost of requiring more calibration sources.