Adaptive power management in PV/Battery integrated hybrid microgrid system

The fundamental goal of power management in a hybrid microgrid is to maintain the active power balance between renewable sources, storage batteries, loads, and the distribution grid. This paper proposes an adaptive power flow management technique for a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that includes a photovoltaic cell, battery energy storage (BES), and load management. A multi-stage fractional order proportional integral derivative (multi-stage FOPID) controller is proposed in the voltage controlled loop of bidirectional dc-dc converter which is optimized by modified sine cosine algorithm (m-SCA). This controller aims to stabilize the dc bus voltage and power flow in islanded mode.