I. Introduction
Traffic congestions continue to grow worldwide, increasing travel delay, fuel consumption, and pollution [1]. This is particularly important at gatherings that bring together large groups of people for short periods (like athletic activities, concerts, and rush hour) and may create substantial disruptions to cities' transit networks, causing delays for residents. In 2017, traffic congestion caused metropolitan Americans to spend an additional 8.8 billion hours of travel time and purchase an additional 12.5 billion litres of gasoline, which cost around $179 billion [2]. With the transient existence of rush hour, fixed transit infrastructure, such as rail lines or bridges, is expensive to restructure the temporary change. Junctions, or intersections, are vital components of a road network, all of them regulated by traffic signals. As a result, traffic control signals are a critical component of traffic networks and a primary feature for the successful functioning of traffic networks [3].