Compact Circularly Polarized CPW-fed Antenna for GNSS Applications

In this paper, a compact circularly polarized (CP) coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna used for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) applications is proposed. The antenna has only a single layer and a compact size of
$70\ \text{mm}\ \times 70\ \text{mm}$
which is about
$0.28\lambda_{0}\times 0.28\lambda_{0}$
at the lowest frequency of the operating bandwidth. The 10-dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 28.4 % (1.21 - 1.6 GHz) with a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of about 31.5% (1.2 - 1.65 GHz), which overlaps the entire impedance bandwidth. Also, the 3-dB gain bandwidth of the antenna covers the entire impedance and axial ratio bandwidths. The peak right handed circular polarization (RHCP) gain of the antenna is about 3.62 dBic, which makes the antenna suitable for GNSS applications.