Dynamic Economic Dispatch with Electric Vehicles Considering Battery Wear Cost Using a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have become very popular worldwide. But, the vast EVs entering the grid will ascend the load on the power system. The EVs’ batteries can be used as energy storage components to make the EVs to be plugged into the grid in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode. But it would be unwise not to consider EV battery wear when using V2G. In this paper, considering the EVs battery wear a dynamic economic dispatch with EVs (DED_EV) model is proposed. In this model, the fuel cost of the unit and EVs battery wear cost are minimized simultaneously when satisfying several practical constraints, such as EVs energy constraint, driving energy constraint, and ramp rate limits. Besides, a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the inertial weight linearly decreasing (IWPSO) with an effective constraint handling strategy is employed to optimize the DED_EV problem. The effectiveness of IWPSO is proved by comparing it with the standard PSO. Finally, we analyze the different modes of EVs plugged in to the grid and study different depths of discharge.