Designing Optimal PIλDμ Controller for LFC of Two-Area Power Systems Using African Vulture's Optimization Algorithm

This paper proposes an optimal load frequency control (LFC) design using a proportional-fractional-order (FO) derivative with a filter (PD
^μ
N) controller in the feedforward direction and a FO integral-tilt (I
^λ
T) controller in the feedback direction in interconnected power grids. Moreover, the proposed PD
^μ
N–I
^λ
T controller is optimally designed by using the African Vulture's Optimization Algorithm (AVOA). To confirm the superiority of the proposed controller, performance comparisons of the proposed PD
^μ
N – I
^λ
T, PIDN, FOPID (PI
^λ
D
^μ
), and FOTID (TI
^λ
D
^μ
) controllers based on improved LFC are conducted to confirm the superiority of the proposed PD
^μ
N – I
^λ
T controller. Also, the AVOA's progress has been verified through a comparison with the symbiotic organisms search algorithm. Overall, discussions are presented on the enhanced performance of the LFC of the two-area power grid under study with the proposed PD
^μ
N – I
^λ
T controller. Simulation outcomes approve that the proposed PD^N – I
^λ
T controller is capable of achieving better dynamic responses than other conventional controllers. The results also confirm the effectiveness of the AVOA for optimizing the controller coefficients based on a time-domain-based objective function.