Blood Glucose Regulation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Robust MRAC Approach

This paper deals with the problem of robust blood glucose regulation in critically ill patients affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus. The blood glucose measurement and insulin infusion are intravenous. The proposed algorithm regulates blood glucose and keeps it in the normoglycemia range, i.e., 70–180 mg/dl. To this aim, a control law is proposed based on a Nonlinear Model Reference Adaptive Control approach. The algorithm is composed of nonlinear adaptive gains that ensure convergence to zero of the regulation error. The approach is validated in the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator for ten in silico adult patients with unannounced meals. The results perform well and have minimal risk of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic events.