An Introduction to the TOA measurement for UWB indoor localization Systems

There is a demand for precise localization in indoor environments is still continuing even though there is difficulty in extracting information of position that is obtained through the measurements from fixed reference nodes. Time of arrival (TOA) technique is used as information for positioning in several systems. The measurement of the TOA values using Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology in positioning system is focused in this paper, that are recently grown in smart industries, warehouses, and shopping malls with a fast, reliable and high accuracy performances. Various methods of TOA measurement that cover based on correlation, de-convolution approaches, based on maximum likelihood (ML) approach and Maximum Probability of Detection (MPD) Method are discussed. Mathematical expressions of these methods are given. The comparison of these methods is also discussed.