Parallel Cyber-Physical-Social Systems Based Smart Energy Robotic Dispatcher and Knowledge Automation: Concepts, Architectures, and Challenges

We propose a novel concept of the robot of energy control based on parallel cyber-physical-social systems for the next generation of energy and electric power systems. We thoroughly investigate its knowledge automation technologies and discuss its main challenges in preparation of promising evolution from Energy 4.0 to Energy 5.0 in China.

Human civilization development closely relies on the utilization of various energy resources. We are entering a new era called Energy 4.0. Energy 4.0 systems have a high integration of both information and energy at the physical system, in which various types of smart energy are largely penetrated. Hence, cyber-physical systems (CPS) are quite popular in modern industrial communities, especially the energy and electric power sectors. From the perspective of complex system theory, current CPS are still developed based on Newtonian system, in which human's predictions about system behaviors will not affect its operation. However, in an ever-growing energy market, human behaviors, in essence, widely influence the production, transmission, distribution, and consumption of energy and electric power industries. Consequently, from the perspective of Merton systems, the feasibility of CPS for next-generation energy and electric power systems (NGEEPS) remains doubted.