Biomechanical Aspects of Orthodontic Treatment in Patients with Deep Overbite and Retroclined Upper Incisors

Deep overbite treatment requires a correct diagnosis, an individualized treatment plan and effective treatment mechanics. The aim of the present study was to analyze the type and results of treatment in orthodontic patients with deep overbite. The orthodontic records of 1140 patients with malocclusions, aged between 6 and 38 years, were analyzed. The records of patients with deep overbite and 1-4 retroclined upper incisors (14.3% of patients) were selected and the type of treatment performed and its results were analyzed. Among the treated patients, 32.5% had mixed dentition and 67.5% permanent dentition. The orthodontic treatment of deep overbite was performed individually for each patient, staging the treatment in one or more stages of treatment. Removable appliances were used in 8.75% of patients, fixed appliances in 70.62% of patients and combinations of orthodontic appliances in 20.62% of patients. To correct the deep overbite, a mechanics of extrusion of the molars in 57.5% of patients, of intrusion of the incisors in 26.25% of patients and of upper incisors protruding in 16.25% of patients were used. The study showed that by establishing an individualized treatment and by applying an effective biomechanics to correct deep overbite, the proposed treatment objectives were achieved.