Development of Analytical Eco-Driving Cycles for Electric Vehicles

This paper presents the development of analytical solutions for the computation of Eco-Driving cycles for electric vehicles. The task of defining an Eco-Driving strategy is formulated as an Optimal Control Problem aiming to minimize the energy consumed during a trip subject to input and speed constraints. Here, the final time of the driving mission is set as a free parameter and only the relevant terms for the optimization are taken into account. The problem is solved using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle in a systematic way, allowing the derivation of closed-form expressions for the different (un)constrained solutions. The results obtained with the proposed approach are compared to the optimal solution given by Dynamic Programming, where a minor deviation from the optimal consumption is achieved while drastically reducing the computation time of the solution.