Comparative Analysis of Modified Microstrip Patch Antenna for Mobile Phone Applications

The absorption rate of radio frequency (RF) energy by the human body is known as specific absorption rate (SAR), and a higher value of SAR causes adverse effects in the user's head during mobile communication. In this study, a microstrip patch antenna having a low specific absorption rate has been modified, simulated, and analyzed for cell phone applications. In this analysis, the effects of the antenna on the user's head (i.e. head phantom model) have been investigated by placing the antenna at three different positions in the mobile phone. Here, it is evident that the antenna at a long distant position from the receiver of the cell phone demonstrates conspicuous performance as the antenna in free space. Moreover, the antenna shows the omnidirectional radiation pattern with an impedance bandwidth of 198.75 MHz (1.8097-2.0084 GHz), which also covers the global system for personal communications service (PCS) 1900 MHz, and GSM 1900 MHz bands. In addition, the modified antenna at a long distant position produces low SAR value in the human head among other antenna positions which makes it more efficient for mobile phone applications as well as for public users.

I. Introduction

Mobile phones, as well as smartphones, are very popular among people to communicate with each other. Every mobile phone uses an antenna, the most essential component, to transmit and receive electromagnetic (EM) waves. The mobile phone companies now opt for the integrated antenna with higher gain, radiation efficiency, and bandwidth than the preceding, which were large in size [1]. Therefore, microstrip patch antennas are widely used for their low cost and better performance [2].