Sensor for Bilateral Human Bite Force Measurements

Bite force is an important characteristic of the masticatory systems functional state. Especially force asymmetries are potential indicators for malfunctions such as temporo-mandibular disorders or dysgnathia. By measuring bilaterally, i.e. simultaneously on the left and right side, it is possible to quantify asymmetries. Currently, there is a lack of bite force sensors combining a low measurement uncertainty (less than 5%) with the capability of measuring bilaterally. We present a 1000 N nominal bite force sensor with a height of 9 mm, which enables bilateral measurements over a wide range of mouth openings. The sensor is based on four load cells which are placed between two bite forks. The dimensions of these forks build upon anthropomorphic data of the human dental arch and are designed such that the bite force is transmitted by the two premolar and the first molar teeth. The developed sensor is characterized using a universal testing machine, resulting in a linearity error of ± 1.2% full scale. An asymmetric application of force is quantifiable with an error less than 4.1% from 100 N on. Therefore, the bite force sensor builds a promising basis for medical studies aiming at the support of diagnosis and therapy with objective data.