On the Impact of Buildings on the LoS Evaluation in System-Level V2I/N Simulations

For the simulation of radio communication, the Line of Sight (LoS) signal is of special interest in path loss models as it strongly influences the received signal strength and therefore has direct impact on simulation results. Often, for the determination of the LoS a probability function is used which relies on the distance between sender and receiver. However, in simulations that provide information about the infrastructure between sender and receiver, such an approach may be too imprecise. In this case, it would be useful to determine the LoS according to this underlying information. For this paper, the OMNeT++ framework 5G-Sim-V2I/N was extended to be able to compare three different approaches for the determination of the LoS. The framework uses channel models from the ITU-R M.2412-0 guidelines for the calculation of the path loss and also the probabilistic determination of the LoS described therein. The framework has been extended so that the coordinates of buildings can be used for the determination of the LoS in 2D and 3D cases. The differences between the considered approaches are highlighted by measurements of performance indicators of the physical layer (attenuation) and of the application layer (reliability).