I. Introduction
Van Atta arrays (VA), introduced in [1], enable rapid and automatic response to received signals in the incident direction, hence falling under the category of retrodirective antenna systems. They are formed through equi-phase interconnects of element pairs symmetrically about the center of the array (Fig. 1). As a result of the retrodirective operation, which is often treated as a scattering problem, the full characterization of retrodirective systems has previously required the use of radar cross-section (RCS) range setups [2]–[8]. The use of RCS range setups either requires access to a pre-existing range or a custom setup devised by researchers using an existing anechoic chamber space. Herein, we introduce a method for the synthesis of the antenna component of the RCS from conventional array characterization, which includes only the measurements of the scattering parameters of the array as well individual embedded element pattern measurements. The benefits of the proposed method are primarily the broadening of experimental access for research into retrodirective arrays, as near-/far- field ranges able to characterize arrays are more common than their RCS cousins, and the ability to quickly and accurately investigate the impact of different beam-forming networks (BFN), both simulated and measured, on the scattering performance of arrays.
Diagram of a conventional van atta array. Elements are symmetrically connected about center of array with equi-phase transmission lines. Bidirectional amplifying circuits can be inserted into each line for rcs increase.