A Land Surface GNSS Reflection Simulator (LAGRS) FORFY-3E GNSS-R Payload : Part I. Bare Soil Simulator

On July 5th, 2021, Chinese meteorological satellite FY-3 E was successfully launched and it carries a GNSS occultation and GNSS-R combined payload. In this paper, a LAnd surface GNSS Reflection Simulator (LAGRS) for FY-3E GNSS-R Payload was developed, while the bare soil simulator part is presented. The calculation abilities of LAGRS are full-polarization, coherent and non-coherent scattering. Soil moisture and soil temperature effects on DDMs are illustrated and the potential application of FY-3E GNSS-R payload for soil freeze/thaw process detection are demonstrated.