Non- invasive Serum Glucose Sensing Using a Double U-slot Antenna

Diabetes is a chronic disease where the body does not produce sufficient insulin hormone to control glucose levels. To prevent health complications arising, diabetics must continuously monitor their blood glucose. Currently, blood glucose levels are mainly monitored using invasive methods which can discourage regular testing. This paper proposes a non-invasive double U-slot patch antenna system to monitor blood glucose levels. COMSOL was used to simulate the port impedance and resonant frequency shifts for varying glucose blood vessel concentrations. The impact of sensor placement, relative to the blood vessel, on glucose level sensitivity was explored considering the relationship between blood glucose concentration and RF-based predictors. Results demonstrate that the lumped port magnitude resonant frequency shift correlates with the range of glucose concentrations investigated. The sensitivity is better at lower frequencies for the designed sensor, and the sensor is relatively insensitive to rotation shifts and horizontal shifts, while vertical shifts, representing more fatty tissue impact the sensitivity.