Propulsion System of Electric Vehicles: Review

Commercialization of electric vehicles (EVs) and light electric vehicles (LEVs) play a major role in reduction of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution. In this paper, the main reasons for popularity of the LEVs are explained based on the statistics available in literature. The propulsion system of the LEVs (including the electric motor, transmission system, battery package, and inverter) aims to offer high efficiency over a wide range of torque-speed operating points. Hence, the optimal design and performance improvement of such vehicles have attracted attention in literature. The investigated drivetrain systems in various LEVs are reviewed in this paper to highlight their advantages and disadvantages. The popular electric motors used in the LEVs are discussed and their characteristics are emphasized. The available research gaps in this field are highlighted at the end of the paper to provide a guide for the new researchers in this field.