Mathematical and Circuit Modeling of the Human Cardiovascular and Ventilatory Kinetic Response in Exercise

In this paper, we investigate a non-invasive procedure for static and dynamic modeling of cardiac output and oxygen consumption in response to cardiopulmonary exercise during exercise. The results are presented on 2 athletes - a football player and cross-country runners who have undergone 10 stress tests for 5 years. The results can also be used to model some other physiological parameters. Measurements were performed in laboratory conditions that allowed measurable exercise settings and well-measurable load responses, such as heart rate, ventilation, and oxygen consumption.