High-dimensional quantum operations using structured photons

Spatially structured photons have attracted a lot of attention in quantum photonics, where they often serve as powerful tools for investigating fundamental properties of light, and for realizing high-dimensional quantum states with beneficial properties in quantum information tasks such as cryptography or quantum simulations [1] . One way of describing any spatial structure, in the paraxial limit, is through orthogonal transverse-spatial modes e.g. Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. A unique feature of higher order LG modes is their twisted phase front, to which a theoretically unbounded orbital angular momentum can be attributed.