High-flux Attosecond Source at 100 kHz Repetition Rate

Attosecond pulses were widely utilized to investigate ultra-fast phenomena in the natural time scale of electron motion - attosecond (10 −18 s) - since its first demonstrations 20 years ago [1] , [2] . However, the repetition rate of most attosecond sources were limited to several kHz, which hindered many applications such as the photoelectron emission from solids where the space charge effect is needed to be alleviated, and the statistic measurements where less events every laser shot are preferred. Hence, to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio, the only method is to increase the repetition rate. In addition, the substantially shortened time for data acquisition is beneficial for most experiments. Thanks to the high-repetition-rate (HR) laser, HR attosecond pulses are possible now.