1. Introduction
Pedestrian fatalities and injuries have increased in the past decade. In the United States, the total number of pedestrian fatalities increased from 4,302 in 2010 to 6,283 in 2018 [1]. Phone-related distracted behaviors are one obvious reason for pedestrian-related collisions [19], [20]. Accident probability is increased when pedestrians are distracted and interacting with their mobile phones [23] and engaging in activities such as texting, watching videos, viewing maps, playing games, making phone calls, and so on. As described in [19], [20], the number of injuries to pedestrians engaged with their mobile phones has more than doubled since 2005.