Reliability Optimization Techniques in High Power, High Duty Factor Klystrons

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Radiofrequency (RF) Systems have enjoyed high reliability (>97.5 percent) over the past five years due in large part to the techniques used to optimize the operation of the klystron amplifiers. SNS klystrons operate at up to an 8 percent duty factor with a peak RF output power of up to 5 MW. Reliable operation starts with the process used to characterize each klystron and adjust its operational parameters in situ for the best performance. Techniques are described here with examples.