Comparing optical performance of a wide range of perovskite/silicon tandem architectures under real-world conditions

In this work, an optical study of perovskite/c Si tandem solar cells with c-Si bottom solar cells passivated by high thermal-budget poly-Si, poly-SiO
x
and poly-SiC
x
is performed to evaluate their optical performance with respect to tandem solar cells employing conventional silicon heterojunction (SHJ) bottom cells. In our analysis 2, 3 and 4 terminals (2T, 3T and 4T) encapsulated mono-facial and bi-facial tandem architectures are considered. Our optical analysis accounts for the real-world hourly and seasonal spectral variation, and its effect on current mismatch between top and bottom sub-cells. We demonstrate that different climates and different bottom cells require different optimized tandem designs.