I. Introduction
As wireless networks become more ubiquitous and diverse, different quality of service (QoS) requirements arise to serve different applications. In particular, many sensing, monitoring, decision, and control applications require the wireless network to be optimized to deliver timely information. Examples of such applications include surveillance systems, autonomous vehicles, healthcare monitoring, Internet of Things (IoT), and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services in 5G. On the other hand, long-distance communications such as satellite communications and beyond line of sight (BLoS) high frequency (HF) communications impose long propagation delays that make the delivery of information in a timely manner even a more challenging task.