Optimum Geometry and Stress Control of Deformed Double Layer Dome for Gravity and Lateral Loads

Double layer pin-jointed dome assemblages are mainly constructed to provide a low ratio of weight to a covered area and aesthetical appearance from a structural and architectural perspective. Their attractive appearance is defined by joint coordinates which may be dislocated in overloading by snow, wind, self-weight, and unexpected external loading. In order to reshape the outer face of the structure, the joints should be relocated. Four main points are studied in this paper, reshaping the structure's outer face, keeping the stress below the initial maximum amount, minimizing the number of actuators, and the amount of actuation. The structure has been loaded horizontally and vertically simultaneously to see how the structure deforms. Then, the displacement of the nodal positions has been optimally eliminated while the stress in members strictly considered. For solving the displacement problem of the structure, some members should be shortened or lengthened; thus, their stress may exceed the maximum stress of bars before the adjustment; therefore, the stress should be observed. In order to use as few as possible number of actuators and less possible amount of actuation, the optimization has been applied with the technique of adjustment based on the direct linear force method, with outstanding outcomes for all objectives.