I. Introduction
Spatial data is exploding with the wide availability of imaging and sensing instruments [1], [2], GPS enabled devices, Internet of Things [3], and volunteered geographic information. This has driven numerous spatial enabled applications [4]-[7], and spatial data processing and queries have seen unprecedented popularity. The range of spatial objects spans from simple points to polylines and polygons, and the complexity can vary dramatically due to the nature of geospatial objects. For example, while a bus stop can be represented as a point, we may often see complex polygons such as city boundaries and a contamination area [8]. Complex polygons often come with large boundaries, irregular shapes, or both, and they often require a large number of vertices for accurate vector based