Half-mode SIW based tunable CRLH leaky-wave antenna for emerging 5G applications

A novel half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) based tunable composite right/-left handed (CRLH) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed. Inclusion of sinusoidally variable slots with HMSIW is used to realize the CRLH media and utilization of tunable varactor diodes make the structure fixed frequency beam switchable. By controlling the geometrical parameters of the slots, the appropriate balance condition is achieved at 57 GHz. The bias voltage is varied from 0 to 30 volt which makes the capacitance variation from 0.5 to 10 pF and as a result a scanning range of 105° (-63° to +42°) is achieved. The proposed antenna is able to operate within frequency band of 50-62 GHz.