Anatomical 3D Modeling of Upper Limb for Bio-impedance based Hand Motion Interpretation

Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive way of assessing body compositions and has been recently used for hand motion interpretation using `brute force' pattern recognition. To better promote BIA applications in human-machine interface, this paper develops an anatomically accurate 3D model towards a sound BIA recording strategy. The model is developed based on transient finite element analysis. It can be used for precise location of transcutaneous electrical stimulation to provide 3D current and potential distributions within the skin, fat, muscle, and bone layers of the upper arm, each defined by their dielectric properties. With the model, it is possible to investigate the impact of the electrode placement on the muscle when using, e.g., textile and flexible electrodes. As proof of concept for guiding the electrode placement, the electrical potential was simulated for two different electrode stimulation arrangements. The results showed that when the electrodes were shifted towards the upper arm, the electrical potential was reduced. This may be related to the anatomical layers' electric features and the distance of the electrode to the targeted muscle.