Planning and Operation of Isolated Microgrids Based on Repurposed Electric Vehicle Batteries

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) can be very beneficial to power systems and microgrids for various applications. With increasing sales of electric vehicles (EV), the availability of used electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) is on the rise, which has received significant attention in recent years. The retired EVBs, after repurposing, can serve as an alternative option to new batteries in a BESS. In addition, when a microgrid operator desires to install a BESS, the optimal decisions such as installation year, energy and power size, replacement year, and the number of cycles to failure, that are normally overlooked, have to be determined. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive and novel framework for planning and operation of the BESS based on repurposed EVBs. A novel linearized BESS sizing model is proposed that obtains the BESS optimal decisions regarding design and operation. Various new, modified, and linearized relationships for the BESS have been included in the planning model to ensure that the replacement year of the BESS is optimally determined. Several classes of EVs with multiple drive cycles are clustered and integrated within the proposed framework.