I. Introduction
Due to concerns regarding air pollution and global warming, establishing a low-carbon world has attracted extensive attention, and the activity of utilizing clean energy has been accelerated. The combustion of fossil fuels produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as NO2, CO2, and SF6. Many countries are implementing policies to produce clean energy to mitigate the greenhouse effects by introducing an emission tax. A variety of electric smart grid operators are paying substantial amount of attention to search effective means toward the aim of reducing the operation and emission cost. Integrating renewable energy sources is a key factor for reducing air pollution and building a clean energy environment. At the same time, highly efficient economic dispatch (ED) strategies should also be considered.