Distributed Dynamic Event-Triggered Cooperative Control of Multiple TCLs and HESS for Improving Frequency Regulation

The volatility and randomness of the source-load sides increase the difficulty for system frequency regulation, while flexible loads like thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) and hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) can be used to provide frequency auxiliary services. In this article, a hierarchical frequency control framework is established, with TCLs and HESS interacting in a distributed cooperative way to track unmatched power. Then, power allocation principles are proposed, which realizes the rational utilization of various resources and ensures the close tracking of the upper-level power targets. Further, a leader–follower distributed dynamic event-triggered control strategy is designed to guarantee fast convergence speed and synchronization accuracy, where power transmission on demand is realized to save limited network resources. Moreover, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the stability of the distributed TCLs and HESS system by combining the Lyapunov theory. Finally, case studies assess that the proposed strategy guarantees the effectiveness and rapidity of the frequency control, meanwhile reducing the communication burden.